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If you’re early in your research on the different types of life insurance, getting a grasp on the basic concepts of participating whole life insurance is a good place to start. From premiums to the dividend scale interest rate, here’s a primer on policy basics, components, and how growth potential is calculated.

Key takeaways

  • Participating whole life insurance policies pool your premiums, along with those from other policyholders, into a participating account professionally managed by the investment team with an insurance provider.

  • A number of factors determine if the participating account experiences gains or losses, including operating costs, taxes, how well the investment portion of the fund performs, and more.

  • Dividends may be paid out on a policy’s anniversary, but aren’t guaranteed.

  • The dividend scale is the formula your insurance provider uses to calculate your yearly dividend payments unique to your policy.

  • The dividend scale interest rate is the interest rate used by your insurance provider to calculate the investment component of the dividend. It is not the growth rate applied to your policy.

How do dividends work with participating whole life insurance?

Any growth from a participating whole life insurance policy comes in the form of dividends, which are calculated using a formula known as the dividend scale. Before we get into how dividends work, here’s what you need to know about how the policy functions.

Participating whole life insurance pools money from policyholders (that’s potentially you) into a participating account. Those funds are professionally managed by an investment team at the insurance company with the goal of growing the investment, so the dividends can be paid out. You can use the dividends you earn in several different ways, including:

  • Toward the payment of your premiums

  • To purchase more life insurance

  • Having them paid out directly to you each year (you may be taxed on any cash you take out from your policy)

  • Having them held on deposit earning interest (you may be taxed on any cash you take out from your policy)

Dividends are paid out annually on your policy’s anniversary date, and they’re shared fairly and equitably with all policyholders using a formula called the “dividend scale.”

What makes up the participating account?

There are several factors that contribute to whether a participating account will experience a surplus of funds. They can include the following.

  • Investment returns: How well the invested funds perform

  • Expenses: What it costs to manage the account

  • Mortality (or death rate): The amount of claims that were made that year

  • Other factors: Including, but not limited to, the number of policyholders who cancelled their policy, surrendered coverage, or took out loans against their policy, and taxes

If the participating account performs differently than expected, and excess earnings or profits are generated, they’re kept within the account and eventually distributed fairly to policyholders through a change in the dividend scale. The opposite could also be true, and the account may experience unexpected losses that get passed back to policyholders. To help balance the gains against the losses, insurance companies use something called the “smoothing technique” to help reduce volatility over time, but more on that later.

What is a dividend scale?

A dividend scale is the formula or method your insurance company uses to calculate annual dividend payouts. It’s reviewed each year by the insurance company and takes into consideration factors such as the death rate among the policyholders, the expenses required to manage the account, and the fund’s investment performance.

Not all dividend payouts are the same. The calculation used to determine payouts is unique to each policyholder, based on things such as age, policy size and type, premiums paid to date, and premium payment options. Dividends are paid out fairly and equitably, based on those factors.

It’s also important to note that dividends are not guaranteed by your policy, and the amount of dividends that are paid out will change annually. But once paid out, those dividends belong to the policyholder and cannot be taken back by the insurance company.

What is a dividend scale interest rate?

The dividend scale interest rate (or DSIR) is a large part of the formula that contributes to the amount of dividends paid out to policyholders. The DSIR is applied when calculating the investment component of the dividend scale, but it’s not the growth rate applied to your policy. It can be potentially higher, or lower, than the investment returns on the participating account.

Factors beyond investment returns, including the participating account’s earnings and future expected returns, are also considered.

How often does the DSIR change?

Each year, insurance companies will approve maintaining or updating the dividend scale and the dividend scale interest rate. The dividend scale interest rate can go up or down, according to market factors such as inflation and fluctuating interest rates. Other parts of the dividend scale may also fluctuate, based on changes in the insurance company’s experiences, or other factors such as inflation.

Policyholders are directed by the insurance company, usually in their anniversary statement, on where to learn about policyholder disclosures.

What is the smoothing technique applied to the dividend scale?

Despite potential changes in the dividend scale, participating whole life insurance policies may offer consistent returns year over year (though, it’s important to note that dividends are not guaranteed). That’s because a smoothing technique is applied to help minimize the short-term impact of market fluctuations. It’s when changes in the investment gains or losses that are passed back to policyholders are spread over several years. This helps to manage investment risk and minimizes the effect of market volatility for policyholders.

Should I choose a life insurance company based on its DSIR?

Because the DSIR is only one component, choosing a policy based primarily on this factor won’t provide you with a complete picture of the ways in which your life insurance policy will serve your needs. The DSIR is important, but it’s only a single component among many used to determine your dividends.

Talk with your insurance advisor before deciding on a policy, so you know you’re making the right choice for you and your family. Be sure to ask your advisor about an insurance company’s:

  • Investment strategy and plan for stable, long-term growth

  • Experience and diverse areas of expertise in managing the participating account

  • Long-term commitment to the participating account as the DSIR changes over time

Interested in learning more about participating whole life insurance and if it’s right for you? Contact your insurance advisor to understand how life insurance can offer you future growth and protection.

*Home and auto insurance products are distributed by RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. and underwritten by Aviva General Insurance Company. In Quebec, RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. Is registered as a damage insurance agency. As a result of government-run auto insurance plans, auto insurance is not available through RBC Insurance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

This article is intended as general information only and is not to be relied upon as constituting legal, financial or other professional advice. A professional advisor should be consulted regarding your specific situation. Information presented is believed to be factual and up-to-date but we do not guarantee its accuracy and it should not be regarded as a complete analysis of the subjects discussed. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the authors as of the date of publication and are subject to change. No endorsement of any third parties or their advice, opinions, information, products or services is expressly given or implied by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates.

If you’re early in your research on the different types of life insurance, getting a grasp on the basic concepts of participating whole life insurance is a good place to start. From premiums to the dividend scale interest rate, here’s a primer on policy basics, components, and how growth potential is calculated.

Key takeaways

  • Participating whole life insurance policies pool your premiums, along with those from other policyholders, into a participating account professionally managed by the investment team with an insurance provider.

  • A number of factors determine if the participating account experiences gains or losses, including operating costs, taxes, how well the investment portion of the fund performs, and more.

  • Dividends may be paid out on a policy’s anniversary, but aren’t guaranteed.

  • The dividend scale is the formula your insurance provider uses to calculate your yearly dividend payments unique to your policy.

  • The dividend scale interest rate is the interest rate used by your insurance provider to calculate the investment component of the dividend. It is not the growth rate applied to your policy.

How do dividends work with participating whole life insurance?

Any growth from a participating whole life insurance policy comes in the form of dividends, which are calculated using a formula known as the dividend scale. Before we get into how dividends work, here’s what you need to know about how the policy functions.

Participating whole life insurance pools money from policyholders (that’s potentially you) into a participating account. Those funds are professionally managed by an investment team at the insurance company with the goal of growing the investment, so the dividends can be paid out. You can use the dividends you earn in several different ways, including:

  • Toward the payment of your premiums

  • To purchase more life insurance

  • Having them paid out directly to you each year (you may be taxed on any cash you take out from your policy)

  • Having them held on deposit earning interest (you may be taxed on any cash you take out from your policy)

Dividends are paid out annually on your policy’s anniversary date, and they’re shared fairly and equitably with all policyholders using a formula called the “dividend scale.”

What makes up the participating account?

There are several factors that contribute to whether a participating account will experience a surplus of funds. They can include the following.

  • Investment returns: How well the invested funds perform

  • Expenses: What it costs to manage the account

  • Mortality (or death rate): The amount of claims that were made that year

  • Other factors: Including, but not limited to, the number of policyholders who cancelled their policy, surrendered coverage, or took out loans against their policy, and taxes

If the participating account performs differently than expected, and excess earnings or profits are generated, they’re kept within the account and eventually distributed fairly to policyholders through a change in the dividend scale. The opposite could also be true, and the account may experience unexpected losses that get passed back to policyholders. To help balance the gains against the losses, insurance companies use something called the “smoothing technique” to help reduce volatility over time, but more on that later.

What is a dividend scale?

A dividend scale is the formula or method your insurance company uses to calculate annual dividend payouts. It’s reviewed each year by the insurance company and takes into consideration factors such as the death rate among the policyholders, the expenses required to manage the account, and the fund’s investment performance.

Not all dividend payouts are the same. The calculation used to determine payouts is unique to each policyholder, based on things such as age, policy size and type, premiums paid to date, and premium payment options. Dividends are paid out fairly and equitably, based on those factors.

It’s also important to note that dividends are not guaranteed by your policy, and the amount of dividends that are paid out will change annually. But once paid out, those dividends belong to the policyholder and cannot be taken back by the insurance company.

What is a dividend scale interest rate?

The dividend scale interest rate (or DSIR) is a large part of the formula that contributes to the amount of dividends paid out to policyholders. The DSIR is applied when calculating the investment component of the dividend scale, but it’s not the growth rate applied to your policy. It can be potentially higher, or lower, than the investment returns on the participating account.

Factors beyond investment returns, including the participating account’s earnings and future expected returns, are also considered.

How often does the DSIR change?

Each year, insurance companies will approve maintaining or updating the dividend scale and the dividend scale interest rate. The dividend scale interest rate can go up or down, according to market factors such as inflation and fluctuating interest rates. Other parts of the dividend scale may also fluctuate, based on changes in the insurance company’s experiences, or other factors such as inflation.

Policyholders are directed by the insurance company, usually in their anniversary statement, on where to learn about policyholder disclosures.

What is the smoothing technique applied to the dividend scale?

Despite potential changes in the dividend scale, participating whole life insurance policies may offer consistent returns year over year (though, it’s important to note that dividends are not guaranteed). That’s because a smoothing technique is applied to help minimize the short-term impact of market fluctuations. It’s when changes in the investment gains or losses that are passed back to policyholders are spread over several years. This helps to manage investment risk and minimizes the effect of market volatility for policyholders.

Should I choose a life insurance company based on its DSIR?

Because the DSIR is only one component, choosing a policy based primarily on this factor won’t provide you with a complete picture of the ways in which your life insurance policy will serve your needs. The DSIR is important, but it’s only a single component among many used to determine your dividends.

Talk with your insurance advisor before deciding on a policy, so you know you’re making the right choice for you and your family. Be sure to ask your advisor about an insurance company’s:

  • Investment strategy and plan for stable, long-term growth

  • Experience and diverse areas of expertise in managing the participating account

  • Long-term commitment to the participating account as the DSIR changes over time

Interested in learning more about participating whole life insurance and if it’s right for you? Contact an RBC Insurance Advisor to understand how life insurance can offer you future growth and protection.

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*Home and auto insurance products are distributed by RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. and underwritten by Aviva General Insurance Company. In Quebec, RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. Is registered as a damage insurance agency. As a result of government-run auto insurance plans, auto insurance is not available through RBC Insurance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

This article is intended as general information only and is not to be relied upon as constituting legal, financial or other professional advice. A professional advisor should be consulted regarding your specific situation. Information presented is believed to be factual and up-to-date but we do not guarantee its accuracy and it should not be regarded as a complete analysis of the subjects discussed. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the authors as of the date of publication and are subject to change. No endorsement of any third parties or their advice, opinions, information, products or services is expressly given or implied by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates.

Not only is it smelly and potentially harmful to your health, but a backup can also cause major damage to your home that’s difficult and costly to fix. You’re better off taking the necessary preventative measures to avoid a sewage backflow and, if it makes sense with your insurance coverage, opting in to sewer backup insurance. Here, discover the common causes of sewer backups, how to prevent them, and what to do if one does happen.

Key takeaways

  • A sewer backup happens when waste water and sewage flood back into your home.

  • It’s typically caused by a blockage in the pipes or a sewer system that gets overwhelmed during heavy rain or a spring thaw.

  • Bad odours and slow drains are two major signs of an impending backup.

  • There are many steps you can take to prevent sewer backups, including installing a backwater valve.

  • If waste water and sewage flood your home, don’t handle it yourself. Notify your insurance company immediately—especially if you have sewer backup insurance—and call in the pros.

What is a sewer backup?

A sewer backup, sometimes called a “sewage backup,” happens when waste water and sewage flows back into your home, instead of draining away from it. Dirty water and sewage may surge out of your drains, sinks, and/or toilets, covering your floors and damaging your basement or other areas of the home. It’s typically messy, smelly, and difficult to clean up, plus the waste water carries bacteria that can be hazardous to you, your family members, and pets. No one wants to deal with a sewer backup, and there are plenty of smart ways to prevent it.

What causes a sewer backup?

Here are several of the common reasons why sewer backups occur.

  • Your neighbourhood has seen heavy rainfall or a quick snow melt: If the sewer system becomes overwhelmed by water flow during a downpour or a spring runoff, it could cause a sewer backup in your home.

  • You’ve put or flushed foreign objects down the drain or toilet: There’s a long list of items that can clog the sink and toilet, including cooking grease, food scraps, tampons and pads, baby and/or intimate wipes (even if they’re labelled “flushable”), condoms, dental floss, paper towels, hair, and more.

  • You have a tree-root problem in your yard: Extensive root systems, especially of large, old trees, can break or block pipes.

  • Your sump pump has malfunctioned: Your sump pump is designed to drain the groundwater around your home to keep your basement dry. If it’s not properly installed, is too small for your basement, becomes clogged, or fails for some other reason, it can cause a sewer backup.

  • Your home’s sewer lines are old: Older homes typically have pipes made from cast iron and clay. Over time, they may corrode, crack, or even collapse.

What are the signs of an impending sewer backup?

You may not always get a warning (especially if there’s an unexpected downpour that affects the sewers in your neighbourhood), but you can still keep an eye out for these signs that mean something’s not quite right with your plumbing.

  • Bad odours: There’s a sewage smell emanating from your drains and/or toilets.

  • Bubbling or slow drains: The sinks and tubs in your home take a minute to clear, or air bubbles come up through the water.

  • Washing machine issues: Your washing machine doesn’t properly drain or causes nearby plumbing fixtures, such as the toilet or bathtub, to back up.

  • Weak toilet: Your toilet requires multiple flushes to clear toilet paper and waste, or it doesn’t clear properly at all.

How to help prevent sewer backups

Taking steps to prevent a sewer backup may save you a ton of time, money, and energy in the long run.

Outside your home

  • Redirect downspouts: They should be aimed at least three feet away from your home’s foundation and, ideally, six feet.

  • Set up rain barrels: Collecting rain in barrels prevents that water from rushing into the local storm sewer. You can use the water later on your lawn and/or garden.

  • Avoid non-porous landscaping near your home: Instead of concrete or asphalt, try sod, mulch, or flower beds, as they absorb water.

  • Disconnect downspouts and weeping tiles (that’s the drainpipe that surrounds your home’s foundation) from the city’s main drain: Allowing these fixtures to drain directly into the sewer can overwhelm the system during heavy rain or spring runoff. 

Inside your home

  • Use drain catchers: Place catchers over the drains in your showers (for hair) and kitchen sink (for food bits).

  • Collect grease and coffee grounds: Oil, butter, margarine, and lard don’t belong down the drain, and neither do coffee grounds. Allow cooking grease to harden and then put it in your green bin. Coffee grounds can go in the green bin or be used for compost.

  • Only flush bodily waste and toilet paper: Nothing else should go in your toilet: not napkins, tissues, baby or cleaning wipes (even if they say they are “biodegradable” or “flushable”), cotton pads, paper towels, dental floss, pads or tampons, or condoms.

  • Install a sump pump: If you have a basement, but you don’t have a sump pump, you might want to get one, especially if your basement is prone to flooding, you live in an area with a lot of rain or snow, or your basement is nicely renovated.

  • Service your sump pump: Regular maintenance ensures that all of the sump pump’s parts are in good working order, and there are no clogs.

  • Stay on top of plumbing issues: Bring in a plumber ASAP, if you notice any warning signs of a sewer backup.

Backwater valves

One final thing you can do to prevent a sewer backup is to have a licensed plumber install a backwater valve (usually) inside your home. The valve allows waste water to flow in only one direction: away from your home. If the street’s main drain becomes overloaded, and waste water starts flowing the wrong way, the valve will automatically flap closed, which prevents sewage from re-entering your home’s pipes.

If you are doing a basement renovation, consider installing a backwater valve at that time. It is much more cost effective and easy to install when the floor is exposed.

Before paying for the installation out of pocket, check if your city or municipality offers subsidies, rebates, grants, or other rewards for basement flooding and damage prevention. Installation might even save you money on your home insurance premium.

Understanding your insurance coverage

One often-overlooked factor leading to sewer backups is the presence of rainwater. Even though rainwater originates from outside the home and could result in a sewer backup, it may fall under the category of “overland water claims.” Having comprehensive water coverage (both overland water and sewer backup coverage) should be considered to ensure your home is adequately protected. Speak with an insurance advisor to understand the types of coverage that are best for your home.

What to do in the event of a sewer backup

If the worst happens, and waste water and sewage enter your home, there are several steps you’ll want to take right away.

  • Don’t touch it: Even if the water looks fine, it’s contaminated with harmful bacteria. If you do come in contact with it, thoroughly wash your hands and clothes.

  • Open windows and doors: Try to ventilate the area as much as possible.

  • Stop using all of your plumbing: Don’t flush the toilets or wash anything down the drains.

  • Contact your utility companies: Depending on the level of flooding, you may need to have your water, gas, and electricity shut off.

  • Call your insurance company: Tell them about the issue as soon as possible. If you have sewer backup coverage, they may be able to recommend professionals who can help.

  • Bring in the experts: Don’t attempt to clean up the area yourself. Waste water and sewage need to be handled by trained pros.

Speak with an RBC insurance advisor to learn about Sewer Backup Endorsements for your home insurance if you’re worried about sewage and waste water backing up into your home, and how you would cover the losses as a result.

Great Rates and Expert Advice on Home Insurance

Get a free online quote* for coverage to protect you, your property, and your belongings from the unexpected.

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*Home and auto insurance products are distributed by RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. and underwritten by Aviva General Insurance Company. In Quebec, RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. Is registered as a damage insurance agency. As a result of government-run auto insurance plans, auto insurance is not available through RBC Insurance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

This article is intended as general information only and is not to be relied upon as constituting legal, financial or other professional advice. A professional advisor should be consulted regarding your specific situation. Information presented is believed to be factual and up-to-date but we do not guarantee its accuracy and it should not be regarded as a complete analysis of the subjects discussed. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the authors as of the date of publication and are subject to change. No endorsement of any third parties or their advice, opinions, information, products or services is expressly given or implied by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates.

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While there are many perks to condo living (such as never having to replace the roof, repave the driveway, or worry about raccoons taking up residence under the back deck), things can still happen. So, if you’re a condo owner, it’s important to ensure you’re protected with condo insurance if an unfavourable scenario occurs (for example, a leaky dishwasher causing damage to the unit below you can bear a big financial consequence!). It will ensure your space and everything in it are protected. A little less extensive (and usually a little less expensive) than typical home owner’s insurance, condo owner’s insurance is vital. Read on for a simple breakdown of how condo insurance works.

Key takeaways

  • Condo insurance isn’t required by law, but many mortgage lenders and condo corporations will insist on it as part of your agreement or contract.

  • It’s wise to have condo insurance, because your condo corporation’s coverage won’t extend to your personal belongings, unit improvements/upgrades, and personal liability.

  • This type of policy could also protect you in the event that someone is injured in your home, or you have to temporarily move out after an insured loss (such as fire or water damage).

  • The cost of condo insurance will depend on a variety of things, including the size of your unit, whether you’ve done improvements/upgrades, and the location and age of your building. It generally costs less than home insurance.

What is condo insurance?

A “condo” refers to an individually owned unit in a complex or building of units. A condo owner owns the space inside their condo and shares ownership interest in the community property, such as the floor, stairwells, and exterior areas. Condo insurance—also known as “condominium insurance” or “condo unit insurance”—is a type of insurance for people who own a condominium unit.

Condo insurance covers things such as the unit owner’s personal belongings, improvements/upgrades they’ve made to their unit, liabilities, and living expenses should they need to temporarily move out of the unit while repairs are being done after an insured loss.

While your condo corporation will have its own insurance, that coverage only extends to the building’s main structure and common areas, such as the lobby, elevators, hallways, gym, pool, hot tub, and other community rooms.

What does condo insurance cover?

Here’s a general outline of what your personal condo insurance can cover, but there are some conditions, so be sure to speak to an advisor (and understand your coverage) for all the need-to-know details.

Personal property

Condo insurance covers your personal belongings—everything from sofas to laptops to your jewelry and even the microwave. If any are damaged or lost due to covered events (such as fire, theft, vandalism, or certain natural disasters), your policy may reimburse you for all or some of the cost of replacing them.

Unit improvements and upgrades

If you installed a gorgeous new marble countertop with a waterfall edge, or replaced the bedroom carpet with hardwood flooring, these upgrades would be covered by your personal condo insurance. A condo corporation is generally only responsible for replacing or repairing things that were part of the original construction of your unit.

Additional living expenses

If an event, such as a fire or a flood, makes your unit temporarily unliveable, condo insurance can cover some or all of the cost of things, such as a hotel, food, and other expenses you wouldn’t regularly incur, until you’re back in your own space.

Liability protection

Let’s say someone is visiting your condo and hurts themselves (they slip and fall in your kitchen, for example), or your washing machine overflows and causes damage to the unit below. Personal liability protection will help cover things such as medical expenses, repair costs, legal fees, and potential settlement costs.

Loss assessment coverage

Sometimes, hefty costs are associated with damages (such as a burst pipe that causes water leakage in several units), or liabilities (someone is injured on the condo property and sues the condo corporation) that aren’t entirely covered by your condo corporation’s insurance. This is where loss assessment coverage comes in: It can help cover your portion of this expense, including deductibles (up to a predetermined limit).

Is condo insurance mandatory?

It’s not technically required by law, but most mortgage lenders and condo corporations insist on it as part of your contract or agreement. Even if they don’t, it’s a good idea to have condo insurance. Otherwise, a merely annoying situation could become a very expensive one. It is important to also understand the condo corporation’s insurance policy. Don’t be caught off guard when you are levied with an assessment, or find out you are financially responsible for their deductible in the event of a claim. As a condo owner, you’re also vulnerable to the risks of your neighbours. And extreme weather events are becoming more common, and natural disasters do happen. A modest monthly expense is well worth it to ensure you’re covered if you do face such a situation.

Who should get condo insurance?

Condo owners

If you are the owner of a condominium unit, you will want to protect your investment with condo insurance.

Co-op owners

You may also be eligible for condo insurance if you own a co-operative (co-op) unit. Co-op ownership is different from traditional condo ownership in that you technically own shares in a co-operative corporation, rather than the unit itself. But condo insurance can still provide coverage for your personal property and liability.

Landlords

If you own a condo unit and rent it out, you might need a type of condo insurance known as “landlord condo insurance” or “rental dwelling insurance.” It provides coverage for the physical structure of the unit and the interior should the tenant cause damage, as well as any liabilities associated with being a landlord. It can also provide coverage for missed rental income if the tenants are forced to move out after an insured loss. It doesn’t cover the possessions of the renter, who can protect their personal belongings via renter’s insurance.

How much does condo insurance cost?

The cost will depend on a variety of things, including the size of your unit, whether you’ve done improvements/upgrades, and the location and age of your building. Condo insurance generally costs less than home insurance, because it covers additional risks associated with renting. And it only takes a few minutes to get a condo insurance quote online.

Condo insurance usually costs more in larger cities, because it reflects property values. Rates for condo insurance in Vancouver or Toronto, for example, will likely be a little higher.

Consider these costs when determining how much condo insurance coverage you need:

  • The replacement of your personal property.

  • The amount for any improvements/upgrades you made.

  • Accommodation and food should you need to temporarily relocate.

  • Your civil liability in the event that you or someone in your household causes damage to someone else’s property or injury to another person.

Get a condo insurance quote by speaking to one of our RBC Advisors, or get a quote online.

Great Rates and Expert Advice on Home Insurance

Get a free online quote* for coverage to protect you, your property, and your belongings from the unexpected.

Learn More

*Home and auto insurance products are distributed by RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. and underwritten by Aviva General Insurance Company. In Quebec, RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. Is registered as a damage insurance agency. As a result of government-run auto insurance plans, auto insurance is not available through RBC Insurance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

This article is intended as general information only and is not to be relied upon as constituting legal, financial or other professional advice. A professional advisor should be consulted regarding your specific situation. Information presented is believed to be factual and up-to-date but we do not guarantee its accuracy and it should not be regarded as a complete analysis of the subjects discussed. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the authors as of the date of publication and are subject to change. No endorsement of any third parties or their advice, opinions, information, products or services is expressly given or implied by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates.

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That’s where disability insurance for self-employed workers and disability insurance for business owners comes in. It helps you protect your income, lifestyle, and, in some cases, your business. And it’s especially important for self-employed people who don’t have access to a group plan through their employer.

No one likes to think about the possibility of serious illness or injury. Unfortunately, accidents and illnesses happen, so it’s worthwhile being prepared.

Wondering if disability insurance is right for you? Here’s what you need to know.

Key takeaways

  • Disability insurance is designed to provide an income if you sustain a serious illness or injury. It can allow you and your family to pay your bills and maintain your lifestyle during a difficult period.

  • If you’re self-employed, an individual insurance plan may be an important part of your financial health, as it could provide financial support and other benefits.

  • The cost of disability insurance for self-employed people varies. Your monthly premium will depend on a few factors such as your profession, the type of coverage you want, how much income you want replaced if you can’t work, and more.

  • There are individual disability insurance policies available to suit various needs.

How does disability insurance work if you’re self-employed?

Disability insurance is a form of income protection that you pay for each month. If you ever can’t work because of an illness or an injury, disability insurance can help you cover your monthly expenses.

If someone is working for an employer, they’ll often get coverage through a group plan that has short-term disability (STD) and long-term disability (LTD) insurance. They may also qualify for government help through Employment Insurance (EI) and/or the Canada Pension Plan (CPP).

But what if you’re self-employed, or you’re a business owner? You may still be able to claim benefits if you pay into CPP or EI for self-employed workers. But you might also want to consider an individual disability insurance plan to make sure you can continue to pay your bills in the event you become injured or ill.

Most individual disability insurance plans work something like this:

  1. You pay a fee (called a “premium”) each month.

  2. If you ever have a serious injury or an illness and can’t do your job for an extended period of time, you submit an insurance claim.

  3. If your claim is approved, you receive a monthly payment that covers a percentage of your usual earnings. It’s typically tax free to help you get closer to the amount you usually make each month.

  4. Your plan may also give you access to specialists and extra supports to help you recover more quickly and return to work.

What are common reasons for self-employed workers going on disability insurance?

Surprisingly, just eight per cent of disabilities are caused by injuries due to workplace mishaps or car accidents. These other health issues are more common:

  • Mental health disorders: From clinical depression to substance abuse, issues with mental health are a common reason people need time off work.

  • Cancers: Treatment may make it difficult or impossible to work for a period of time.

  • Cardiovascular diseases: Heart disease, heart attack, and stroke can all require time off for treatment.

  • Musculoskeletal diseases: Arthritis, for example, can cause joint pain, mobility issues, and weakness that turn certain types of employment into a struggle.

Why should self-employed workers consider disability insurance?

You may have a home, a car, or an investment portfolio, but none of those things is your most valuable asset. It’s actually your ability to make a living. If you’re 35 and have an annual income of $72,000, you have the potential to make $3,160,994.63 over the next 30 years, assuming a modest 2.5 per cent salary increase each year. That’s a serious chunk of change.

As a self-employed person, you’re in a unique position, since:

  • You don’t have protection from an employer’s group insurance plan.

  • You may have fixed operating costs, such as monthly rent for an office space, that put extra pressure on your finances.

  • You are responsible for your clients or your customers. If you can’t work for several months, business may go elsewhere, which could have long-term effects on your income.

An individual disability insurance plan may be an important part of your financial well-being if you’re self-employed. Here’s how it can help.

Financial support

When a disability lasts longer than 90 days, it can typically continue for two to three years. Could you pay your bills for that length of time without your usual income? Your options include depleting your savings, relying solely on the earnings of a spouse or partner, taking out a loan (if you qualify), or planning ahead with disability insurance. Purchasing disability insurance can offer some relief in knowing that you’ll have financial support if you become too sick or injured to work.

Access to specialists

Appointments with specialists may help you recover sooner. Some disability insurance plans can get you quick access to physicians (e.g., rheumatologists, oncologists, or psychiatrists), mental-health professionals, and in-person or virtual rehabilitation services.

Return-to-work support

For many people, work isn’t solely about the paycheque. It’s also about meaningful output, contributing to society, and the sense of accomplishment we get from providing for our families.

These are just a few reasons that some people wish to return to work as soon as possible after illness or injury. Some disability insurance policies can help you get back to work faster by providing these supports:

  • Work conditioning (support as you return to work gradually)

  • Work-site modification

  • Transferable skills analysis (if you can’t go back to your old career)

  • Job search assistance

  • Assistive devices (such as wheelchairs, hearing aids, and prostheses)

  • Dependant care (if you needcare for your kids or your parents, so you can go to a rehab program).

How to choose the right disability insurance plan if you’re self-employed

Speak with an advisor or broker and ask plenty of questions. You’ll want to compare a few aspects of each plan you’re offered.

  • Occupations: Does the provider typically cover your type of occupation?

  • Terms and conditions: How does the provider define “disability”?

  • Benefits: What types of benefits are offered with each plan? How long do the benefits last? Does the provider have access to medical professionals and offer return-to-work assistance?

  • Customer service: Does the provider have a team of trained specialists who will help you through the claims process and offer support while you’re on disability?

Is disability insurance worth it for self-employed workers?

Imagine you had to take months or years off work. Would you still be able to afford your mortgage or rent, utilities, car, groceries, school fees, and any of the other expenses you’ve accumulated? Most people would say “no.” If you’re in the same boat, disability insurance could be a useful part of your financial wellness plan.

Can any self-employed worker get disability insurance?

Ultimately, you’ll need to speak with an advisor or broker and answer some pre-qualifying questions about your type of work and how long you’ve been self-employed. There are individual disability insurance policies available to suit various needs, and an advisor can get into specifics.

How much does disability insurance cost for self-employed workers?

Every plan is different. That means the cost of disability insurance for self-employed people will also vary. Your monthly premium will depend on a few factors, including:

  • Your profession

  • The type of coverage you want (there are many options, from what types of injury and illness are covered to how long you would be able to claim benefits)

  • How much income you need replaced if you become sick or injured and can’t work.

To figure out the amount of income you’d need covered, you’ll need to have a close look at your current monthly expenses.

Chat through the details with an advisor or broker to find out the best plan and the amount of coverage to best suit your occupation and your lifestyle.

*Home and auto insurance products are distributed by RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. and underwritten by Aviva General Insurance Company. In Quebec, RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. Is registered as a damage insurance agency. As a result of government-run auto insurance plans, auto insurance is not available through RBC Insurance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

This article is intended as general information only and is not to be relied upon as constituting legal, financial or other professional advice. A professional advisor should be consulted regarding your specific situation. Information presented is believed to be factual and up-to-date but we do not guarantee its accuracy and it should not be regarded as a complete analysis of the subjects discussed. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the authors as of the date of publication and are subject to change. No endorsement of any third parties or their advice, opinions, information, products or services is expressly given or implied by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates.

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That’s where disability insurance for self-employed workers and disability insurance for business owners comes in. It helps you protect your income, lifestyle, and, in some cases, your business. And it’s especially important for self-employed people who don’t have access to a group plan through their employer.

No one likes to think about the possibility of serious illness or injury. Unfortunately, accidents and illnesses happen, so it’s worthwhile being prepared.

Wondering if disability insurance is right for you? Here’s what you need to know.

Key takeaways

  • Disability insurance is designed to provide an income if you sustain a serious illness or injury. It can allow you and your family to pay your bills and maintain your lifestyle during a difficult period.

  • If you’re self-employed, an individual insurance plan may be an important part of your financial health, as it could provide financial support and other benefits.

  • The cost of disability insurance for self-employed people varies. Your monthly premium will depend on a few factors such as your profession, the type of coverage you want, how much income you want replaced if you can’t work, and more.

  • There are individual disability insurance policies available to suit various needs. Speak to an insurance advisor to see what you’re eligible for and to help you pick out a plan that best fits your needs.

How does disability insurance work if you’re self-employed?

Disability insurance is a form of income protection that you pay for each month. If you ever can’t work because of an illness or an injury, disability insurance can help you cover your monthly expenses.

If someone is working for an employer, they’ll often get coverage through a group plan that has short-term disability (STD) and long-term disability (LTD) insurance. They may also qualify for government help through Employment Insurance (EI) and/or the Canada Pension Plan (CPP).

But what if you’re self-employed, or you’re a business owner? You may still be able to claim benefits if you pay into CPP or EI for self-employed workers. But you might also want to consider an individual disability insurance plan to make sure you can continue to pay your bills in the event you become injured or ill.

Most individual disability insurance plans work something like this:

  1. You pay a fee (called a “premium”) each month.

  2. If you ever have a serious injury or an illness and can’t do your job for an extended period of time, you submit an insurance claim.

  3. If your claim is approved, you receive a monthly payment that covers a percentage of your usual earnings. It’s typically tax free to help you get closer to the amount you usually make each month.

  4. Your plan may also give you access to specialists and extra supports to help you recover more quickly and return to work.

What are common reasons for self-employed workers going on disability insurance?

Surprisingly, just eight per cent of disabilities are caused by injuries due to workplace mishaps or car accidents. These other health issues are more common:

  • Mental health disorders: From clinical depression to substance abuse, issues with mental health are a common reason people need time off work.

  • Cancers: Treatment may make it difficult or impossible to work for a period of time.

  • Cardiovascular diseases: Heart disease, heart attack, and stroke can all require time off for treatment.

  • Musculoskeletal diseases: Arthritis, for example, can cause joint pain, mobility issues, and weakness that turn certain types of employment into a struggle.

Why should self-employed workers consider disability insurance?

You may have a home, a car, or an investment portfolio, but none of those things is your most valuable asset. It’s actually your ability to make a living. If you’re 35 and have an annual income of $72,000, you have the potential to make $3,160,994.63 over the next 30 years, assuming a modest 2.5 per cent salary increase each year. That’s a serious chunk of change.

As a self-employed person, you’re in a unique position, since:

  • You don’t have protection from an employer’s group insurance plan.

  • You may have fixed operating costs, such as monthly rent for an office space, that put extra pressure on your finances.

  • You are responsible for your clients or your customers. If you can’t work for several months, business may go elsewhere, which could have long-term effects on your income.

An individual disability insurance plan may be an important part of your financial well-being if you’re self-employed. Here’s how it can help.

Financial support

When a disability lasts longer than 90 days, it can typically continue for two to three years. Could you pay your bills for that length of time without your usual income? Your options include depleting your savings, relying solely on the earnings of a spouse or partner, taking out a loan (if you qualify), or planning ahead with disability insurance. Purchasing disability insurance can offer some relief in knowing that you’ll have financial support if you become too sick or injured to work.

Access to specialists

Appointments with specialists may help you recover sooner. Some disability insurance plans can get you quick access to physicians (e.g., rheumatologists, oncologists, or psychiatrists), mental-health professionals, and in-person or virtual rehabilitation services.

Return-to-work support

For many people, work isn’t solely about the paycheque. It’s also about meaningful output, contributing to society, and the sense of accomplishment we get from providing for our families.

These are just a few reasons that some people wish to return to work as soon as possible after illness or injury. Some disability insurance policies can help you get back to work faster by providing these supports:

  • Work conditioning (support as you return to work gradually)

  • Work-site modification

  • Transferable skills analysis (if you can’t go back to your old career)

  • Job search assistance

  • Assistive devices (such as wheelchairs, hearing aids, and prostheses)

  • Dependant care (if you needcare for your kids or your parents, so you can go to a rehab program).

How to choose the right disability insurance plan if you’re self-employed

Speak with an insurance advisor or broker and ask plenty of questions. You’ll want to compare a few aspects of each plan you’re offered.

  • Occupations: Does the provider typically cover your type of occupation?

  • Terms and conditions: How does the provider define “disability”?

  • Benefits: What types of benefits are offered with each plan? How long do the benefits last? Does the provider have access to medical professionals and offer return-to-work assistance?

  • Customer service: Does the provider have a team of trained specialists who will help you through the claims process and offer support while you’re on disability?

Is disability insurance worth it for self-employed workers?

Imagine you had to take months or years off work. Would you still be able to afford your mortgage or rent, utilities, car, groceries, school fees, and any of the other expenses you’ve accumulated? Most people would say “no.” If you’re in the same boat, disability insurance could be a useful part of your financial wellness plan.

Can any self-employed worker get disability insurance?

Ultimately, you’ll need to speak with an insurance advisor or broker and answer some pre-qualifying questions about your type of work and how long you’ve been self-employed. There are individual disability insurance policies available to suit various needs, and an advisor can get into specifics.

How much does disability insurance cost for self-employed workers?

Every plan is different. That means the cost of disability insurance for self-employed people will also vary. Your monthly premium will depend on a few factors, including:

  • Your profession

  • The type of coverage you want (there are many options, from what types of injury and illness are covered to how long you would be able to claim benefits)

  • How much income you need replaced if you become sick or injured and can’t work.

To figure out the amount of income you’d need covered, you’ll need to have a close look at your current monthly expenses.

Chat through the details with an insurance advisor or broker to find out the best plan and the amount of coverage to best suit your occupation and your lifestyle.

RBC Disability Insurance

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*Home and auto insurance products are distributed by RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. and underwritten by Aviva General Insurance Company. In Quebec, RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. Is registered as a damage insurance agency. As a result of government-run auto insurance plans, auto insurance is not available through RBC Insurance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

This article is intended as general information only and is not to be relied upon as constituting legal, financial or other professional advice. A professional advisor should be consulted regarding your specific situation. Information presented is believed to be factual and up-to-date but we do not guarantee its accuracy and it should not be regarded as a complete analysis of the subjects discussed. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the authors as of the date of publication and are subject to change. No endorsement of any third parties or their advice, opinions, information, products or services is expressly given or implied by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates.

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Water damage is a top threat to homeowners in Canada and a leading type of insurance claim. Luckily, there are steps you can take to prevent leaks, flooding, and sewer backups, plus there’s water damage insurance to cover you in a worst-case scenario. Discover some of the best techniques for protecting your home, health, and bank account.

Key takeaways

  • Burst or leaky pipes, drainage issues, and poor ventilation can all cause water damage.

  • Avoid water damage if you can, because it can cause structural issues, affect your home’s resale value, and even have negative health impacts.

  • There are many steps you can take for water damage prevention that will ultimately protect your time, money, and health.

  • If you experience a serious leak, flooding, or sewer backup, turn off the water and contact your insurance company immediately.

  • Consider investing in water damage insurance.

What causes water damage

In every case of water damage, there’s either an indoor or outdoor water source that leads to leaking, backups, or condensation. Here are some of the most common causes of water damage:

  • A pipe bursts or cracks.

  • A fixture (such as a sink, tub, toilet, or shower) or an appliance (such as a washing machine, dishwasher, or water heater) has leaky plumbing or malfunctions in some other way.

  • A sewer backup occurs because there are pipes that have become clogged with foreign objects (such as hair, cooking oil, tree roots) or because of an overwhelmed main sewer line.

  • Drainage issues result from damaged or improperly sealed roofs, walls, and floors; poor grading around the foundation; blocked or broken eavestroughs or downspouts; or a sump-pump malfunction.

  • The HVAC system isn’t properly maintained.

  • Poor ventilation creates water buildup on walls and windows that leads to water damage and mould over time.

Why water damage is dangerous

Trust us: You don’t want water damage. Not only is it costly to repair, but it can also affect the safety of your home. These common side-effects of water damage make it clear that prevention is the best approach.

  • Structural issues: Long-term exposure to moisture weakens the floors, walls, and ceilings. Wood rots, concrete cracks, and metal corrodes, which can potentially cause structures to collapse.

  • Damage to your belongings: Leaks, flooding, and sewer backups can ruin clothing, books, furniture, and family heirlooms.

  • Mould and mildew growth: People living in damp, mouldy conditions are more likely to experience eye, nose, and throat irritation; itchy skin; wheezing and shortness of breath; coughing; and worsening asthma symptoms.

  • Health risks: Water and electricity shouldn’t mix! When they do, the result can be electrical fires or electrocution. Sewer backups also bring bacteria-filled waste into the home.

  • Reduced property value: Water damage repair can be incredibly expensive if the moisture affects the foundation, floors, and walls. Even if you attempt to fix the issues, there can be hidden mould and structural impacts that might put off potential buyers.

How to prevent water damage

As a homeowner, it’s a smart idea to routinely check for leaks, stains, peeling paint, mould, and condensation. Taking these steps will also make it less likely you’ll run into problems down the road.

Roof

  • If your roof was last reshingled more than 15 years ago, it’s time to have it checked and possibly redone.

  • Think about adding a waterproof membrane (a.k.a. underlayment) beneath your shingles.

  • Routinely replace damaged or missing shingles.

  • Ensure that skylights, vents, and chimneys are all properly sealed.

  • Check that your attic has good ventilation and insulation.

  • Carefully clear off snow and ice in the winter.

 Eavestroughs or gutters    

  • Clean out your eavestroughs, downspouts, and gutters in the spring and fall, so water can flow freely.

  • Install downspout extensions to direct water at least two metres away from your home’s foundation.

Windows and doors

  • Properly seal or replace old windows and doors (note: swelling, peeling, and discolouration are all signs of water damage).

  • Make sure that basement window wells have a proper drainage system and are kept clear of debris.

Toilets, tubs, and sinks

  • Ensure drains are clear of hair, grease, and food scraps and take care of a slow-draining sink.

  • Turn on the exhaust fan or leave doors or windows open when bathing and showering.

  • Replace loose or broken tiles, where mould could collect.

  • Know where all your shut-off valves are and install any that are missing—all plumbing in your home should have its own shut-off valve.

  • Consider installing water-leak sensors around/close to where leaks are likely to occur, such as faucets, appliances, and toilets.

  • Automatic shut-off valves add an additional layer of protection and will act in the event a leak is detected.

Pipes

  • Check shut-off valves every six months to ensure they work.

  • Know the location of your main shut-off valve, in case of an emergency.

  • Check plumbing for corrosion or buckling and replace, if needed.

  • Avoid pouring fats, cooking oil, and grease down drains (and put them in the green bin, instead).

  • Prevent frozen pipes by insulating any outside walls that contain plumbing and use snap-on insulation for exposed pipes in unheated areas.

  • Drain and shut off all water pipes outside your home as part of a routine pre-winter cleanup.

  • Consider adding a freeze detector to exposed pipes.

Appliances

  • Check hoses for wear and tear, and replace, if necessary.

  • Replace older washing machines, refrigerators, and dishwashers.

Walls and foundation

  • Seal any breaks or cracks in siding, bricks, stone, or masonry to prevent leaks.

  • Check that all openings from wiring, plumbing, phones, cable, heating, and air conditioning are properly sealed with foam or caulk.

  • Ensure proper grading for water to drain away from the foundation of your home.

  • Keep snow away from foundation walls and basement window wells.

Basement

  • Repair or replace damaged weeping tiles.

  • Clear basement floor drains of debris.

  • Install a backflow valve in case the main sewer on your street is overwhelmed with water.

  • Invest in a backup generator for your sump pump.

  • Keep valuables off the floor.

 Water tank

  • Maintain your water tank (including flushing it out once or twice per year) and watch for corrosion that can lead to leaking or bursting.

  • Replace a gas water heater every eight to 12 years and an electric one every 10 to 15 years.

Outside

  • Keep outdoor sewer grates clear, so water has a place to go.

  • Add more green space around your house and use porous pavement that will absorb water.

  • Consider installing a rain barrel to collect rainwater, which will reduce the load on the main sewer during downpours.

What to do in the event of water damage

Accidents happen, and that’s why insurance exists. Before water damage happens in your home, understand the details of your insurance policy to see what’s covered. Most policies won’t automatically protect you in the case of sewer backups or overland water (when rivers, lakes, and ponds rise and flood the land). You may want to consider adding specific types of water damage insurance to your home insurance plan.

If you do end up dealing with water damage, the steps you should take will depend on its severity.

  • Condensation and leaks: Make repairs, buy new appliances, and/or improve drainage and ventilation before things get worse.

  • Flooding: Locate the source of the water and shut off the flow to the affected area, if you can. Turn off any affected or nearby electricity as well, then call your insurance company. They may be able to recommend water restoration and mould experts in your area.

  • Sewer backups: Do not enter the contaminated water. Turn off the water and electricity if a lot of waste water has accumulated, then call your insurance company for guidance.

Water damage and insurance

Different types of water damage insurance are available to consumers, and they vary depending on whether you have a home, a condo, or a tenant insurance policy. The availability of various products also varies depending on where you live.

You may want to consider purchasing additional coverage if you’re concerned about water damage and how it might result in costly repairs. Speak to your RBC Insurance Advisor about your options for sewer backup coverage and overland water insurance (commonly known as “flood insurance”).

Get a free online quote for coverage to protect your property and your belongings from the unexpected, including water damage. Call 1-877-749-7224 to speak to an RBC Insurance Advisor about home insurance.

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*Home and auto insurance products are distributed by RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. and underwritten by Aviva General Insurance Company. In Quebec, RBC Insurance Agency Ltd. Is registered as a damage insurance agency. As a result of government-run auto insurance plans, auto insurance is not available through RBC Insurance in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

This article is intended as general information only and is not to be relied upon as constituting legal, financial or other professional advice. A professional advisor should be consulted regarding your specific situation. Information presented is believed to be factual and up-to-date but we do not guarantee its accuracy and it should not be regarded as a complete analysis of the subjects discussed. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the authors as of the date of publication and are subject to change. No endorsement of any third parties or their advice, opinions, information, products or services is expressly given or implied by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates.

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